Introduction of Chemical Bonds

An atom consists of the atomic core and the atom's skins. Atomic core consists of proton particles that is positive particles and neutrons that ia neutral particles. Meanwhile, electron skins contains electron that is negative particles. The place where electrons found is called the orbital. Electrons first put themselves on the orbitals which has the lowest energy level.

Two or more atoms can form a chemical bond using the valence electrons in order to form a molecule. If the atoms does not have a strong difference electronegativity (or little difference of electronegativity), valences electron of atoms are used together formed a covalent bond. If the atoms has a large difference of electronegativity, the atoms are formed ion bonds.

The atoms bonded to obtain stable configuration that is formed as electrons configuration of noble gas elements.

In the covalent bond, electrons used together by the atoms so that the atoms has electron configuration such as electron configuration noble gas elements. For example, hydrogen has 1 valence electron and oxygen has 6 valence electrons. Both types of elements are formed of water molecules (H₂O).
If a bond has a pair of electrons used to bond, called single covalent bond. There are also covalent bong type with two pairs of electrons, called double covalent bond. If the covalent bond using three electron pairs, called the triple cobalent bond. In some cases, the electron pair shared come from only one atom of it, called coordination covalent bond or coordinates covalent bond or covalent dativ bond or semipolar covalent bond.

At the ion bond, the atoms has a high value of electronegativity capture elctrons form a negative ion, while the atoms that has a low value of electronegaivity release the valense electrons formed positive ion. With the capture or release electrons, the atoms become stable formed electron configuration like elements configuration of noble gas. Although the atoms in the compound does not use the pair electron together, but the atoms have a strong bond each other because the atoms cargo is different. In an ion compound, all the ions form a crystal lattice structure.